2019 빈둥 ver 2.0 Bindoong ver 2.0 최형욱 개인전_김종영미술관




BINDOONG ver 2.0 
Do Play Yourself

최형욱 개인전
Heong uk Choi, Solo Exhibition
2019.7.5-8.25

김종영미술관
Kim Jong Young Museum
Young Creative Artist







최형욱여지를 찾는 브리콜뢰르 bricoleur


박춘호(김종영미술관 학예실장)


 『빈둥 Ver. 2.0최형욱의 이번 전시 제목이다빈둥은 다름 아닌 빈둥대다의 어근에서 파생된 바로  빈둥거림이다더군다나 버전 2.0이니 이번 전시작은 이전 작업을 개선한 작품임을   있다빈둥댐의 뜻이 "아무 일도 하지 않고 자꾸 게으름을 피우며 놀기만 "이듯 부정적인 의미로 사용된다그런데 전시된 작품은 전혀 빈둥대서는 제작할  없는 작품이다오히려 여럿이 함께 논의하고 힘을 합쳐야만 지금의 작품 모습을 드러낼  있다그뿐만이 아니라 전시 기간  마음만 먹으면 다른 사람들에 의해 전혀 다른 작품이   있다과연 『빈둥 Ver. 2.0』은 어떤 작품이길래 여러 사람이 함께해야 하고 전시 중에 작품형태가 바뀔  있는 것일까





『빈둥 Ver. 2.0』은 한마디로 블록 장난감인 레고와 유사하게 일종의 공간 구성을   있도록 모듈화한 각목들을 조립해서 만드는 작품이다규모가 있기에 혼자서는 만들  없고반드시 여럿이 함께 힘을 합쳐 만들어야 한다따라서 형태는 전시 기간에 얼마든지 변형될  있다한마디로 전시장은 놀이터이고 작품은 장난감이다그는  이런 작품을 제작하는 것일까?






 작가를 꿈꾸던 최형욱은 미술대학 졸업  미술시장 현장 경험을 쌓을  갤러리 일을 해봤다그러나 그는 자신이 지향하는 예술세계가 시장과는 친화성이 없다는 결론에 도달했다시장 중심 미술이 되면서 작품이 상품화되는 것은 불가피했기 때문이다 지점에서 그의 고민은 시작되었다그렇다면 상황은 어떠한가


 지난 5 15 뉴욕 크리스티 경매에서 제프 쿤스의 『토끼』가 9,110 달러우리 돈으로  1,085 원에 낙찰됐다 낙찰가는 생존 작가로서는 최고가이며낙찰자는 스티브 무누신 미국 재무부 장관의 아버지이며 아트 딜러인 로버트 무누신이었다제프 쿤스의 작품이 최고가를 기록했다는 것뿐만 아니라낙찰자가 재무부 장관의 아버지라는 점도 뜻밖이다

 미술품 경매 낙찰 소식은 심심치 않게 '기록적인 사상 최고가'라는 수식어와 함께 세간의 이목을 집중시킨다요즘은  발짝  나가 미술품 가격 지수도 발표된다마침내 미술품도 투자상품이 됐다한편 블록체인과 암호화폐 기술로 인해 미술시장에도 새로운 변화가 일고 있다주목할 만한 변화는 하나의 작품을 공동명의로 소유하며 투자지분만큼 소유권을 확보하는 것이다상품화가 심화할수록 미술 작품은 특정 계층이 가장 선호하는 과시적 소비품이면서 투자품목이 되었다그렇다면 작가는 무엇을 위해 작품을 제작하는 것일까?






최형욱의 이와 같은 고민은 윌리엄 블레이크(1757-1827) "돈에 대해 생각이 조금이라도 있는  예술은 계속 이행될  없다."라고 말했던 바와 일맥상통한다블레이크가 이와 같은 예술을 주장하던 당시 서양은 정치경제과학 모든 분야에서 급변하는 혁명의 시대였다 결과 예술가들은 순수미술을 고안해냈고마침내 삶과는 유리된 예술을 위한 예술을 지향하게 됐다이것은 달리 말하면 사회계층  구별 짖기 위한 하나의 방편이었다고   있다.

 그는 자신이 처한 현실을 고려하며 생활인으로서그리고 작가로서 어떤 삶과 예술을 지향할 것인지 깊이 고민했다그러나 그의 선택은 그들과 달랐다그는 시장 중심 미술에서 작가가 시장과 관계를 단절한다면 어떻게 사회와 관계를 유지할  있을지 살피기 위해 작금의 세태를 직시했다.



그의 판단에 따르면 지금은 모든 것이 산업화하면서 전문화되고 관료화되었다 결과 사회 모든 분야에서 개인이 본인의 필요에 따라 주체적이고 자발적으로   있는 여지는 점차 작아졌다여지가 줄어든 만큼 획일화는 더욱 심해졌으며같은 잣대가 적용되기에 경쟁도 그만큼 치열해졌다자족감에서 비롯되는 즐거움과는 점점 멀어진다마침내 모든 것이 생존을 위한 노동으로 전락했다미술도 마찬가지로작가가 작품을 제작하는 태도도 이와 별반 다르지 않은 듯하다이러한 생각은 교육학자 이반 일리히 Ivan Illich 산업사회의 타율적 생산체계를 비판하며 제안한 '자율적 공존혹은 '자율적 공생'으로 번역할  있는 conviviality와도 일맥상통한다한편 이와 같은 판단에는 그가 과거 미술시장 현장에서의 체험도 일조했다




최형욱은 작가로서 삶의 필요에서 비롯된 진정성을 토대로 작업하고자 마음먹었다그는 자신의 작업이 화랑과 경매라는 산업화한 시장제도를 벗어나 어떻게 사회와 관계를 맺을  있을지 고심하였다따라서 그는 초기에 Insightseeing,  통찰 Insight 관광 Sightseeing 합친 이름의 프로젝트  작업을 통해 이태원성수동과 같은 특정 지역의 모든 지리적 실체특히 지역주민만이 가진 고유한 장소성을 담은 지도 제작을 시도하였다바꿔 말하면 그는 권력에 의해 편집된 지도가 아닌 지역주민의 생생한 삶의 역사에서 비롯된 정보가 담긴 지도를 제작하고자 했다사실 이러한 지도를 제작하는 것은 권력자의 필요에 따라 특별한 목적을 갖고 제작하는 지도의 특성상 애당초 불가능하다따라서  작업은 지도라는 소재를 통해 권력에 의해 주지된 기존 인식과 관행에 대해 새롭게 바라볼 기회를 제공했다





그의 개인 작업도  작업과 맥락을 같이 했다최근에는 사회 곳곳에서 여지가 점차 사라지는 시대상의 본보기들을 찾아 살핀 작업을 선보였다그에게 규제와 감시가 느슨한 도시 변두리는 좋은 관찰대상이다여지가 많은 변두리는 개인의 필요와 쉽게 접점을 찾을  있기 때문이다대표적인 작업이 『변두리 거주민을 위한 농막』이다 작업은 실제 거주민과 인터뷰를 통해 현황을 파악해서 최적화된 농막을 모듈화해서 이동과 설치가 편리하게 설계 제작 설치한 작업이며도면은 공개했다그는  같은 작업을 통해 미술이 사회구성원들과 소통하며 관계를 맺는 새로운 방법을 모색하고 있다.

『빈둥 Ver. 2.0』도 이런 맥락에서 진행된 작업이다최형욱은 요즘 아이들이 과거와 비교해서 성장하는 과정에서 놀이문화 경험이 빈곤하다는 점을 깨달았다 노는 아이가 공부도 잘한다는 말과 같이 놀이를 통해 아이는 자기 주도성과 창의력집중력그리고 협동심을 고루 갖출  있다놀이에 관심을 두고 있던 그가 도시 변두리에 버려진 물건들이 산재한 풍경을 살피며 어린이 놀이터로 활용하면 좋을  같다는 조금은 엉뚱한 생각을 했다






실제로 1943 덴마크에서 처음으로 폐자재를 활용해서 새로운 개념의 놀이터 '모험 놀이터' 원형이 조성되었다모험 놀이터는 아이들의 모험심과 호기심을 자극하기 위해 약간의 위험을 감수해서 조성한다모험 놀이터는 어른들 생각과는 달리 아이들에게는 질리지 않고 맘껏 즐기며 놀이 삼매경에 빠질  있는 흥미진진한 곳이다.

 한마디로 『빈둥 Ver. 2.0』는 모험 놀이터이다작가인 아빠가 자신의 아이와 동네 친구들에게 해줄  있는 가장  선물이라   있겠다아빠와 함께 레고 블록과 같이 모듈화된 각목들을 이렇게 저렇게 조립해보며놀이로서 공간 구성을 체험하게  것이다 또한 그가 작가로서 작품의 상품화를 지양하며 사회와 관계를 맺는 새로운 방법을 모색한 결과물  하나이다더불어 지금 우리가 잊고 있는 미술의 기원을 다시 한번 생각해보게 된다










Heong Uk Choi’s bricoleur in search of leeway

 

Choon Ho Park (KimChongYung Museum, Chief Curator) 

 

“Bindoong Ver. 2.0” is the title of Heong Uk Choi’s exhibition. The word ‘bindoong’ derived from the word “to loaf about.” One can infer from the title (version 2.0) that Choi’s latest work is an improvement of the previous exhibition. The word “bindoong” is usually associated with the negative definition of the word, which is “to waste time idly.” Contrary to the title of the exhibition, however, the artwork displayed is indeed a product of diligence. It is a product of discussion and cooperation among multiple individuals. It is also a creation that can become something entirely different depending on the work of multiple individuals. Then, what kind of work is “Bindoong Ver. 2.0” and why would it require cooperation? Besides, how is it possible for the artwork to take a different form while on display?

 

Similar to Lego blocks, “Bindoong Ver. 2.0” consists of modularized wooden blocks that may be assembled for the purpose of creating a structure. It cannot be created alone due to its size, and requires the cooperation of multiple individuals, which makes it possible for it to take different forms during the exhibition. In other words, the exhibition space may be considered as a playground, and the artwork may be viewed as a toy. Then, why did Choi decide to create “Bindoong Ver. 2.0”?

 

To gain experience in the art market, Choi, whose aspiration was to become an artist, worked at a gallery after graduating from university. He concluded, however, that his aspiration was not compatible with the realities of the art market. He learnt that the commercialization of artwork was inevitable due to the development of market-oriented art. Choi’s dilemma began at this point. Then, what are the realities of art?

 

On May 15, 2019, Jeff Koons’s “Rabbit” was sold at Christie’s in New York for 91.1 million USD (1,085 hundred million KRW). Koons became the living artist with the highest auction record as a result. Robert Mnuchin, an art dealer and the father of the U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, reportedly made the winning bid. The auction drew attention as Koons established the highest auction record for a living artist, and because the winning bid came from an art dealer who was none other than the U.S. Treasury Secretary’s father. 

 

News about art auctions draws attention of the public when the artwork establishes the highest auction record. Information about the art sales index often accompanies such news these days. In other words, artworks have become an investment product. The development of blockchain and cryptocurrency has also resulted in changes in the art market. One of the changes drawing one’s attention is the purchase of artwork under joint ownership, which allows the buyers to claim his or her share of the artwork in accordance with the amount invested. Increased commercialization has resulted in artwork becoming the most desirable form of conspicuous consumption, as well as an investment item for certain social classes. Then, what is an artist’s purpose of creating artwork?

 

According to William Blake (1757-1827), “Where any view of money exists, art cannot be carried on.” Blake’s view of money may be understood in parallel with Choi’s dilemma. Blake established his viewpoint of art at a time of rapid change and revolution in various areas of society including politics, economy and science in the West. As a result, artists were able to develop pure art, and were at last, given a chance to pursue art separately from the realities of life. In other words, art was used as a medium to distinguish different social classes. 

 

Choi, as an individual and an artist, pondered what kind of life and art he would pursue in view of the realities of life. His decision, however, was different from that of other artists. To understand how to maintain its relations with society if art were to sever its relations with society, Choi decided to face the realities of life. He reached the conclusion that, due to industrialization, everything was becoming specialized and bureaucratized. As a result, one’s choice to act independently and voluntarily in accordance with one’s needs has become limited in all aspects of society. Limitation of choices has resulted in severe standardization and fierce competition, which makes it difficult for one to experience joy deriving from a sense of contentment. Everything has become mere labor for survival. The same applies to art when an artist creates artwork. Such view can be understood in parallel with “conviviality,” which can be interpreted as “autonomous coexistence” and “autonomous cohabitation,” proposed by the educationalist Ivan Illich who criticized the dependent production system of the industrial society. It may be said that Choi’s experience in the art market contributed to the formation of Choi’s such viewpoint on art and society. 

 

As an artist, Choi decided to create his artwork out of sincerity based on human needs. He mulled over how his artwork would maintain relations with society without being subject to the limitations of an industrialized market system involving galleries and auctions. He organized a project called “Insightseeing,” (i.e. insight and sightseeing) to create maps representing the local geographical aspects of specific districts such as Itaewon and Sungsu-dong, with an emphasis on the residents and location of such districts. In other words, Choi endeavored to create an informative map based on the history of the local residents, not a map that would be edited in accordance with the needs of the ruling class. Such aim is difficult to achieve since maps are usually created in accordance with the needs of those people in power. Thus, through the creation of maps, the project provided an opportunity for people to view the existing understanding and customs already established by those people in power in a new light. 

 

Choi’s individual artwork can be understood in parallel with the purpose of such group project. Recently, endeavors of artists seeking the respectable models of the current era, which are becoming increasingly difficult to find in such time of standardization and bureaucratization, have been spotted in a number of areas of society. In such time of increased regulations and surveillance, the outskirts of the city provide a good opportunity for observation. In the suburbs where there is more leeway, one can easily find a point where one’s needs and society’s needs meet. One of Choi’s major works is “A farmer’s hut for residents living in the suburbs.” The purpose of the project is to understand the realities of the local community through interviews with the local residents, and to design, build, and install farmer’s huts that are easy to move and construct through the modularization of tailor-made huts. The blueprint of the hut has already been made public. Through such project, Choi explores new ways to facilitate communication between art and members of society, while establishing relations between the two entities. 

 

“Bindoong Ver. 2.0” is a project that can also be understood in parallel with the abovementioned project. Choi came to the realization that children of the current age, in comparison to those of the past, grow up with a lack of opportunities to play. As the saying goes, children who play well perform better academically as well. Children develop independence, creativity, and concentration and cooperation skills through play. It occurred to Choi that he could use the discarded objects that can be found on the outskirts of the city to build a playground for children.  

 

In fact, a new type of playground built with waste resources, also known as “adventure playgrounds,” first appeared in Denmark in 1943. These playgrounds put risk back in the mix of public spaces to develop children’s sense of adventure and curiosity. Contrary to the opinions of adults, adventure playgrounds provide opportunities for children to have fun and explore the world as much as they want.

 Simply put, “Bindoong Ver. 2.0” is an adventure playground. It is one of the biggest gifts an artist can offer to his child and the child’s friends as a father. By assembling the modularized wooden blocks with his (or her) father, Choi’s child will be able to experience the space through play. The artwork is a product of Choi’s determination to find new ways to avoid the commercialization of artwork while developing relations with society. It also provides an opportunity for us to contemplate the long-forgotten origin of art. 


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